Election data from the Central Election Commission show that the voter turnout rate of women in Taiwan is higher than that of men. However, few studies have explored the differences in voter turnout between women and men. To fill this gap in the literature, this study examines whether the gender gap in political knowledge affects the differences in voter turnout between women and men, specifically whether political knowledge moderates the relationship between gender and voter turnout. Using data from the 2024 Taiwan’s Election and Democratization Study (TEDS 2024), the preliminary findings of this study indicate that women’s voter turnout is higher than that of men, yet their political knowledge is lower. Further analysis reveals that regardless of the measurement of political knowledge used, gender and political knowledge interact to influence individual voter turnout. Specifically, as political knowledge increases, women’s voter turnout declines. This might be due to women becoming more aware of gender inequality and institutional barriers in the political structure, leading to a reduced willingness to participate. In contrast, men’s voter turnout significantly increases with political knowledge, likely because men are more easily able to convert political knowledge into voting motivation and have more substantial confidence in their political influence. Overall, the findings of this study have significant academic and practical implications. Academically, the findings show that the improvement of political knowledge does not equally promote voter turnout among women and men. In other words, political knowledge has a heterogeneous effect on voter turnout of women and men. Practically, the findings have profound implications for policy design. Given that increased political knowledge may lead to a decrease in women’s voting participation, further consideration should be given to how policy interventions can eliminate the suppressive effects of gender inequality on voter turnout.