Confucius has been generally regarded by scholars outside the sinophone sphere as a moral teacher. In this article, I propose a particular theoretical framework (the two-foldness of human nature) to re-present Confucius’ political thought in a modern form. I start my re-presentation from a core phenomenon in political life, and argue that Confucius’ political thought aims to provide a radical alternative to that phenomenon. Re-presented in this way, Confucius’ political thought is made of a network of coherent arguments, which makes it intelligible to modern political theorists and open to discussions and criticisms by them.